English Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-11-17 Origin: Site
The automatic tool changer (ATC) is one of the core components of a CNC machine tool, and the mechanical hand, as the key actuator of the ATC, its maintenance and upkeep directly affect the processing efficiency and reliability of the machine tool. The following is the detailed content of the maintenance and care of the mechanical hand
Ⅰ. Daily Maintenance Steps
1.cleaning and maintenance :
Regularly clean the base and arm of the mechanical hand and avoid using strong solvents such as acetone
The hollow wrist area needs to be cleaned frequently. Use a lint-free cloth to wipe it. After cleaning, apply a small amount of vaseline
Keep the tool holder and tool sleeve clean to prevent foreign objects from affecting the tool changing accuracy
2. Fastener inspection :
Regularly inspect fasteners such as bolts and nuts to ensure they are not loose or damaged
Check the end effector mounting bolts and the robot setting bolts, and tighten to the recommended torque
3.cable maintenance :
Check whether the cable is damaged, has an open circuit or a short circuit
Keep the cable clean and dry, and prevent mechanical pressure or excessive bending
Ⅱ. Lubrication Methods and Cycles
1.. lubrication method :
Lubricate with grease (semi-solid) or lubricating oil (liquid)
The roller guide rail system can adopt an automatic lubrication method, achieving through the oil circuit and the oil injection hole
The rack and pinion system must ensure that grease covers the tooth surface for a long time and avoid direct contact of metal
2. Lubrication cycle :
Daily maintenance should be carried out every day
The shaft braking test is conducted once a day
The auxiliary gears and gears should be lubricated once every 1000 hours
Lubricate the hollow wrist every 500 hours
The interior of the control cabinet is cleaned once a year
Ⅲ. Inspection of the Self-locking mechanism of the grab claw
1.check points :
The self-locking structure of the movable claw needs to be inspected regularly to prevent the tool from falling
Check the wear of the gripper pad. If its thickness decreases by more than 0.5mm or there are obvious grooves on the surface, it should be replaced
Calibrate the gripper clamping center to ensure that the coaxiality error with the spindle center is less than 0.01mm
2. Frequently asked questions :
The claw for grasping the tool is not tight enough, and the tool cannot be loosened after being clamped
Tool drop during tool exchange
Long-term use has led to an increase in the bearing clearance of the rotating shaft, causing the position to shift during grasping
Iv. Maintenance of Joints and Transmission Mechanisms
1.Joint maintenance :
Check whether each shaft remains in place and test the brake function
Check the radial runout of the rotating shaft with a dial indicator. If it exceeds 0.02mm, the bearing needs to be replaced
Check the motor heating condition and confirm that the movement of each shaft is smooth without abnormal vibration
2. Maintenance of transmission mechanism :
Regularly check whether the connection between the lead screw support and the bed is loose
Ball screws lubricated with grease should be cleaned and replaced every six months, and those lubricated with oil should be oiled once a day
Check whether the chain and sprocket are working properly and adjust or replace the worn parts in time
V. Maintenance Precautions
1.Operating specifications :
Do not load overweight or extra-long tools into the tool magazine to prevent dropping or collision
The sequential tool selection method must ensure that the tool placement order is correct
When manually loading the knife, make sure it is properly installed and check the reliability of the locking device
2. regularly check :
Check whether the tool magazine return to zero position and the spindle return to tool change point position are correct
When starting up, first let the tool magazine and the manipulator run idle, and check whether the actions of each limit switch and solenoid valve are normal
Check if the air pressure is stable to avoid excessive moisture causing damage to the pneumatic components
3. Fault prevention :
Regularly perform system backups
Check the vent of the control cabinet to prevent dust from affecting heat dissipation
Observe the movable part of the cable in the mechanism section and check if the covering is damaged
Through the maintenance and care measures of the above system, the reliability and service life of the mechanical hand of the automatic tool changing device can be significantly improved, the downtime of the machine tool can be reduced, and the processing quality can be guaranteed. It is recommended to formulate a detailed maintenance plan based on the usage frequency and working environment of the machine tool and strictly implement it.
