Classification of grinding machines and typical application scenarios

There are various types of grinding machines. According to the processed surface, process application and structural features, they can be classified into the following major categories:

(1) Cylindrical grinding machine: The main force for precision processing of shaft parts

Cylindrical grinding machines are the most widely used type of grinding machines, mainly used for processing the cylindrical and conical outer surfaces of workpieces and the end faces of shaft shoulders. They can be further classified into ordinary cylindrical grinding machines, universal cylindrical grinding machines and centerless cylindrical grinding machines.

1. Conventional cylindrical grinding machine: Its process range is relatively narrow, capable only of grinding cylindrical surfaces and small conical surfaces. However, it has a simple structure, good rigidity, can adopt larger grinding parameters, and has a high productivity. It is suitable for mass production of the cylindrical surfaces of shaft parts.

2. Universal cylindrical grinding machine: It has the most comprehensive functions. Besides grinding outer circles and outer conical surfaces, it can also process inner cylindrical surfaces, inner conical surfaces and end faces. It has strong versatility and is suitable for single-piece and small-batch production, tool workshops and machine repair workshops. Take the M1432A universal cylindrical grinding machine as an example. Its grinding capacity for outer diameters can reach 320mm, and the range for inner diameters is 30-100mm. The processing accuracy can reach IT6-IT7 grades. The surface roughness Ra of the outer circle is 0.32-1.25 microns, and that of the inner hole is 0.63-1.25 microns.

3. Centerless cylindrical grinding machine: It adopts a centerless clamping method. The workpiece does not need to have a center hole drilled. It is supported by a guide wheel and a support plate. The slight inclination Angle of the guide wheel generates an axial thrust, enabling the workpiece to feed automatically. This type of grinding machine eliminates the error caused by eccentricity of the center hole. Workpieces with poor rigidity are less likely to bend or deform. It has a high production efficiency and is suitable for large-scale grinding of slender shafts, pins, bearing sleeves and other cylindrical parts.

(2) Internal cylindrical grinding machine: An expert in the precision processing of hole-type parts

Internal cylindrical grinding machines focus on grinding the cylindrical and conical inner surfaces of workpieces, including ordinary internal cylindrical grinding machines, centerless internal cylindrical grinding machines and planetary internal cylindrical grinding machines.

1. Conventional internal cylindrical grinding machine: The workpiece is clamped by a chuck or fixture. The workpiece rotates to perform circular feed, and the grinding wheel rotates at high speed as the main motion. At the same time, the grinding wheel or the workpiece performs longitudinal and lateral feed. It is suitable for workpieces with regular shapes that are easy to rotate, such as inner rings of bearings and hydraulic cylinder barrels.

2. Centerless internal cylindrical grinding machine: The workpiece is driven to rotate by the guide wheel. The clamping wheel keeps the workpiece tightly against the guide wheel. The grinding wheel completes the main motion, longitudinal feed and periodic lateral feed. It is suitable for mass production of thin-walled workpieces with finely machined internal and external cylindrical parts, such as bearing sleeves.

3. Planetary internal grinding machine: The workpiece remains stationary. The grinding wheel not only rotates at high speed around its own axis as the main motion but also orbits around the axis of the inner hole to be ground to achieve circular feed. It is suitable for grinding the inner holes of large and heavy workpieces, such as the inner holes of large gears.

(3) Surface grinding machine: A highly efficient grinding equipment for the flat surface of workpieces

Surface grinding machines are mainly used for grinding the flat surfaces of workpieces. According to the position of the grinding wheel shaft and the shape of the worktable, they can be classified into four types: horizontal shaft rectangular table, horizontal shaft circular table, vertical shaft rectangular table, and vertical shaft circular table.

Horizontal shaft rectangular table surface grinding machine: The grinding wheel shaft is installed horizontally, and the workpiece is ground by the periphery of the grinding wheel. It has a small contact area, good heat dissipation, and high processing accuracy. It is suitable for the precision surface grinding of long and strip-shaped workpieces, such as machine tool guide rails and mold planes.

2. Vertical shaft conical surface grinding machine: The grinding wheel shaft is installed vertically, and the grinding wheel end face grinding is adopted. It has a large contact area and high production efficiency. It is mostly used for batch processing of circular and ring-shaped workpieces, such as flange discs and bearing seats.

(4) Tool grinding machine: A professional equipment for grinding cutting tools. Tool grinding machines are mainly used for grinding various metal cutting tools, such as drills, milling cutters, turning tools, reamers, broaches, etc. They can also grind outer circles, inner circles, planes and templates, etc. Take the MQ6025A universal tool grinding machine as an example. By replacing different accessories, it can achieve precise grinding of various cutting tools and also complete the grinding of complex-shaped parts. It is an essential equipment in tool workshops and mechanical processing workshops.

(V) Specialized Grinding Machines: Customized Processing Solutions for Specific Parts Specialized grinding machines are designed for grinding a certain type of specific parts, such as crankshaft grinding machines, camshaft grinding machines, splined shaft grinding machines, blade grinding machines, gear grinding machines, thread grinding machines, etc. These grinding machines have optimized the motion mode and grinding process in accordance with the structural characteristics of the parts, and can efficiently and precisely complete the processing of complex parts. They play an irreplaceable role in the manufacturing of core parts in industries such as automobiles, aerospace, and energy. For instance, blade grinding machines can achieve precise grinding of complex curved surfaces of aero engine blades, ensuring their aerodynamic performance and service life.