Five-axis linkage machining center

The five-axis linkage machining center features high efficiency and high precision. It can complete the processing of five surfaces with a single clamping of the workpiece. If equipped with a high-end numerical control system featuring five-axis linkage, it can also perform high-precision processing on complex spatial curved surfaces and is more adaptable to the processing of modern molds such as automotive parts and aircraft structural components. There are two types of rotary axes for vertical five-axis machining centers. One is the worktable rotary axis. The worktable set on the bed can rotate around the X-axis, which is defined as the A-axis. The general working range of the A-axis is from +30 degrees to -120 degrees. In the middle of the workbench, there is also a rotary table that rotates around the Z-axis at the position shown in the diagram, which is defined as the C-axis. The C-axis rotates 360 degrees. In this way, through the combination of the A-axis and the C-axis, the five surfaces of the workpiece fixed on the worktable, except for the bottom surface, can all be processed by the vertical spindle. The minimum dividing value of the A-axis and C-axis is generally 0.001 degrees, which enables the workpiece to be subdivided into any Angle and processed into inclined surfaces, inclined holes, etc. If the A-axis and C-axis are linked with the XYZ three linear axes, complex spatial curved surfaces can be processed. Of course, this requires the support of high-end numerical control systems, servo systems and software. The advantage of this setting method is that the structure of the main shaft is relatively simple, the main shaft has excellent rigidity, and the manufacturing cost is relatively low. However, the general worktable cannot be designed to be too large and has A relatively small load-bearing capacity. Especially when the rotation of the A-axis is greater than or equal to 90 degrees, the cutting of the workpiece will bring a large load-bearing torque to the worktable. Another type relies on the rotation of the vertical spindle head. The front end of the main shaft is A rotary head that can rotate 360 degrees around the Z-axis by itself, becoming the C-axis. There is also an A-axis on the rotary head that can rotate around the X-axis, generally reaching ±90 degrees or more, to achieve the same function as mentioned above. The advantage of this setting method is that the spindle processing is very flexible, and the worktable can also be designed to be very large. The huge fuselage and huge engine casing of passenger aircraft can all be processed on this type of machining center. This design has another major advantage: When we use spherical milling cutters to process curved surfaces, when the centerline of the tool is perpendicular to the processing surface, due to the zero vertex linear velocity of the spherical milling cutter, the surface quality of the workpiece cut from the vertex will be very poor. By adopting the design of spindle rotation, making the spindle rotate relative to the workpiece by an Angle, the spherical milling cutter can avoid cutting from the vertex, ensuring a certain linear velocity, which can improve the surface processing quality. This structure is highly favored for high-precision curved surface processing of molds, which is difficult for rotary table machining centers to achieve. To achieve high precision in rotation, high-end rotary shafts are also equipped with circular grating rulers for feedback, with indexing accuracy within a few seconds. Of course, the rotary structure of such spindles is relatively complex and the manufacturing cost is also relatively high.