English Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2026-09-03 Origin: Site
The tool compensation of the gantry machining center is mainly divided into two categories: tool length compensation and tool radius compensation . The adjustment methods and operation logics of each type of compensation have clear norms. The following are the complete adjustment steps:
Tool length compensation (G43) adjustment
The core function of is : to correct the Z-direction length deviation of different tools and ensure the accuracy of the processing depth, it is the core of precision control in deep hole processing and step face milling.
Compensation address rule : Usually, the H code is used as the length compensation address, and H01 to H20 correspond to the length compensation registers of different tools.
Manual tool setting steps :
1. Return the Z-axis to the machine tool reference point and set the Z value of the selected workpiece coordinate system (such as G54) to 0.
2. Insert the tool into the spindle, move the tool tip to touch the Z0 reference surface of the workpiece, and directly input the Z coordinate values displayed in the machine coordinate system at this time into the corresponding H register. Be careful not to miss the positive and negative signs.
Automatic tool setting steps :
1. Call the probe macro program built into the machine tool. For sharp-point tools, use G65 P9023 A1 Txx to automatically detect the Z-direction length. For non-sharp-point large-diameter tools, offset one tool radius first before detecting the edge of the tool tip.
2.After the detection is completed, the system will automatically write the compensation value into the H register corresponding to the tool number, eliminating the need for manual input.
Tool radius compensation (G41/G42) adjustment
The core function of is : it enables the system to automatically calculate the offset between the tool center and the workpiece contour, allowing for the adjustment of processing dimensions without modifying the program, and is suitable for scenarios such as tool wear and fine-tuning of finishing allowances.
Compensation address rule : Usually, code D is used as the radius compensation address, and registers D21 and later are specifically used to store radius compensation values.
Compensation direction selection :
G41 is for left compensation: It is used when the tool center is on the left side of the workpiece contour along the tool's forward direction and the outer contour moves counterclockwise.
G42 is right compensation: It is used when the tool center is on the right side of the workpiece contour along the tool's forward direction and the outer contour moves clockwise.
Parameter adjustment operation :
1.Input the actual radius value of the tool into the corresponding D register as the basic compensation value.
When making fine adjustments to the dimensions during finish machining, the original values can be directly modified. For instance, if the size of a milling slot needs to be increased by 0.02mm on one side, input -0.02 in the D register. The tool path will shift outward, and the total expansion on both sides will be 0.04mm.
2.When the cutting tool shows slight wear, adding a wear amount of -0.005 to -0.01 on the basis of the original compensation value can offset the dimensional deviation caused by the wear.
⚠️ Key operational precautions
The establishment and cancellation of compensation must be completed in the G00 or G01 linear movement mode. The compensation state cannot be switched in the circular interpolation section; otherwise, an over-cut alarm will occur.
The mirror command M21/M22 will change the tool compensation direction. Before operation, M23 should be used to cancel the mirror and then return to the origin of the workpiece coordinate system to avoid trajectory calculation errors.
It is recommended to use a wax mold for trial cutting to verify the compensation logic before formal processing. Only after confirming that the dimensions are correct can mass production be carried out.
